Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41898112›Full record

ArticleBehavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Psychometric Properties of the Measure of Online Disinhibition (MOD) in Chilean Adolescents.

Karina Polanco-Levicán, José Luis Gálvez-Nieto, Ignacio Norambuena-Paredes

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Karina Polanco-LevicánFacultad de Educación, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco 4810101, Chile.
José Luis Gálvez-NietoDepartamento de Trabajo Social, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile.ORCID 0000-0001-7642-8204
Ignacio Norambuena-ParedesDepartamento de Trabajo Social, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile.ORCID 0000-0002-7888-0277

Funding

Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico project number 1240912
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Online disinhibition is a fundamental construct for understanding adolescent behaviour in digital environments. However, in Chile, there are no psychometric studies that support its measurement. In this regard, having valid and reliable tools to assess this phenomenon is key to advancing research on the dynamics of digital interaction and its possible implications for the well-being and online coexistence of adolescents. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Measure of Online Disinhibition (MOD) in a sample of Chilean adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 4646 students from 41 secondary education institutions. The sample consisted of 50.2% males, 48.5% females, and 1.4% who identified with another gender category, with an average age of 15.79 years (SD = 1.33). The factorial structure was examined using confirmatory factor analysis, which confirmed the theoretical unidimensional solution. Factorial invariance was examined across gender, internet use, social media use, and age. Scalar invariance was supported for internet use, social media use, and age, while partial scalar invariance was established across gender. Convergent validity was supported by positive, moderate, and statistically significant correlations with the Global Assessment of Internet Trolling (GAIT). Finally, the scale demonstrated adequate internal consistency, supporting its use in the Chilean adolescent population.

Indexed as

adolescentsinternetonline disinhibitionscalesocial media

Identifiers

PMID41898112
PMCPMC13023658

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.