Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41898018›Full record

ReviewBehavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)2026

The Effectiveness and Outcomes of Culturally Adapted Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Across Common Mental Health Conditions: A Meta-Analysis.

Zahra Wakif, Vanessa Ip, Mahwish Ali Khan, Nuzhat Azim, Nivashi Arulventh, Haadiya Saleem, Spencer Yung, Reena Besa, Maheen Juweria, Arooj Shaukhat and 3 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Zahra WakifDepartment of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.ORCID 0009-0008-6961-8198
Vanessa IpInstitute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3K3, Canada.ORCID 0009-0005-0342-9317
Mahwish Ali KhanDepartment of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Semenyih 43500, Selangor, Malaysia.
Nuzhat AzimCentre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada.ORCID 0009-0006-7448-9605
Nivashi ArulventhDaphne Cockwell School of Nursing, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON M5B 1Z5, Canada.
Haadiya SaleemCentre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada.
Spencer YungDepartment of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON M5B 1Z5, Canada.
Reena BesaCentre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada.
Maheen JuweriaCentre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada.
Arooj ShaukhatMisericordia Community Hospital, Edmonton, AB T5R 4H5, Canada.
Rabia KhanMind & Connect, Harlow CM19 4QX, UK.
Fatima NadeemGlobal University Systems, Toronto, ON M5G 1K2, Canada.
Farooq NaeemInstitute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3K3, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Culturally adapted cognitive behavioral therapy (CaCBT) is increasingly used to reduce disparities in mental health outcomes among ethnoculturally diverse populations. Although CBT is a well-established evidence-based intervention, little is known about CaCBT's effectiveness across diagnostic groups and global contexts. This meta-analysis synthesizes CaCBT efficacy for common mental health conditions. Using PRISMA guidelines, five electronic databases were used to search for RCTs reporting mental health variables for CaCBT. Funnel plots, Egger's test, and the trim-and-fill method were used to evaluate publication bias. Hedges' g was used to compute effect sizes, and heterogeneity was assessed through DerSimonian and Laird I

Indexed as

cognitive behavioral therapyculturally adapted cognitive behavioral therapyculturemental healthmeta-analysisminority

Identifiers

PMID41898018
PMCPMC13023538

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.