Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41897836›Full record

ArticleAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2026

Impact of Raw Material Particle Size on Processing, Physical Quality and In Vivo Performance of Grain Sorghum and Wheat-Based Extruded Feed for Tilapia

Tucker Graff, Donald A Davis, Sajid Alavi

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Tucker GraffDepartment of Grain and Food Science, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
Donald A DavisSchool of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3822-3624
Sajid AlaviDepartment of Grain and Food Science, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5102-0277

Funding

Kansas Grain Sorghum Commission and Producers Association N/A
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This research compared grain sorghum with wheat as an ingredient in extruded, floating tilapia feed, and also studied the impact of pre-extrusion grinding intensity or hammer mill sieve size on extrusion parameters, final product quality and animal performance. With an increase in grind size of the diets from 0.61 to 1.27 mm, higher specific thermal energy was observed; however, specific mechanical energy decreased, leading to lower expansion (pooled bulk density of 405.6 g/L versus 441.5 g/L). Grain source also impacted pellet expansion and quality, with sorghum-based aquatic feed pellets having higher piece density than wheat-based pellets (pooled average of 0.52 g/cm

Indexed as

aquacultureextrusionfeed processingparticle sizesorghum

Identifiers

PMID41897836
PMCPMC13023319

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.