ArticleAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Carnosic Acid Activates the STING/IRF3 Pathway to Induce Nitric Oxide-Mediated Apoptosis in Osteosarcoma Cells.
Article in Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Tetrandrine enhances anti-PD-1 immunotherapeutic efficacy for hepatocellular carcinoma by activating STING/TBK1/IRF3 pathway.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
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4 authors.
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Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a highly aggressive bone cancer with limited therapeutic options. Carnosic acid (CA), a phenolic diterpene with well-established antioxidant properties, has shown anticancer activity, yet its mechanisms in OS remain unclear. In this study, we found that CA suppressed proliferation and induced apoptosis in human osteosarcoma cells in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, CA activated the STING/IRF3 signaling pathway and enhanced nitric oxide (NO) production, factors closely linked to redox modulation and mitochondrial apoptotic signaling. Pharmacological inhibition or siRNA-mediated knockdown of STING, as well as blockade of NO synthesis, significantly reduced CA-induced apoptosis in vitro. In a xenograft mouse model, CA treatment suppressed tumor growth, and this effect was partially reversed by STING inhibition. These findings suggest that CA exerts antitumor effects in OS through modulation of innate immune and redox-related signaling pathways, supporting its potential as a therapeutic compound that links antioxidant and immunomodulatory actions.
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