Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41896910›Full record

ArticleBMC health services research2026

Can routinely collected electronic medical record (EMR) data support hospital resource allocation? A retrospective analysis of 332,711 presentations to a public quaternary teaching hospital in South Australia (2020-2025).

Madison Bills, Taryn Bessen, Matthew Williams, Annie Conway, Brandon Stretton, Tony Loan, Joshua Kovoor, Danny Liew, Stephen Bacchi, Gerry O'Callaghan

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC health services research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Madison BillsAdelaide EpiCentre, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, SA Health, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. Madison.Bills@sa.gov.au.
Taryn BessenMedical Services, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, SA Health, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Matthew WilliamsEMR Optimisation, CALHN Strategy & Digital, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, SA Health, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Annie ConwayAdelaide EpiCentre, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, SA Health, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Brandon StrettonSchool of Medicine, College of Health, Adelaide University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Tony LoanCentral Adelaide Local Health Network, SA Health, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Joshua KovoorFuture Health Systems, College of Health, Adelaide University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Danny LiewSchool of Medicine, College of Health, Adelaide University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Stephen BacchiSchool of Medicine, College of Health, Adelaide University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Gerry O'CallaghanDepartment of Intensive Care, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, SA Health, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.

Funding

Hospital Research Foundation 2023-S-DTFA-009-QA25231
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHospitals face increasing strain from rising clinical complexity and demand. Traditional resource allocation approaches often lack the granularity and timeliness needed for responsive planning. This study evaluates whether routinely collected electronic medical record data can be used to classify hospital inpatients into resource-based groups to support real-time planning and hospital-wide operational management.

methodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on 332,711 inpatient admissions to a quaternary public hospital in South Australia between January 2020 and January 2025. Patients were classified into one of four flow streams within 72 h of admission using a resource-based classification framework developed through a modified Delphi process and validated by clinical review. Summary statistics were used to assess differences in resource use across streams and to evaluate classification stability. Data quality limitations and documentation variability were also assessed.

resultsFlow streams demonstrated distinct differences in length of stay, diagnostic testing, consultations, and allied health input. The model showed strong initial stability, with fewer than 5% of patients changing streams during admission. Key data quality issues included inconsistent consultation documentation, underuse of structured fields, and retrospective overwriting of demographic information, affecting visibility of resource use. Despite these limitations, flow stream classification effectively differentiated patients by resource intensity and care complexity, offering a practical framework to support real-time hospital operations, complementing diagnosis-based groupings.

conclusionA structured classification model using routinely collected electronic medical record data can differentiate inpatient resource needs. Flow stream stratification offers a complementary approach to traditional coding-based systems and may help identify operational bottlenecks. With improved documentation and system integration, this approach could enhance hospital responsiveness, resource planning, and overall system performance.

Indexed as

Electronic Health RecordsHospitals, PublicHospitals, TeachingResource AllocationRoutinely Collected Health DataHumansRetrospective StudiesSouth AustraliaData qualityElectronic medical recordsHealth information systemsHospital resource managementPatient flow

Identifiers

PMID41896910
PMCPMC13147598

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.