SynthesisInternational orthopaedics2026
The diabetic shoulder: association between diabetes mellitus and adhesive capsulitis - a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in International orthopaedics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Psyllium and Glucomannan as Viscous Fiber Modulators of the Gut-Microbiome-Incretin Axis: Molecular Links to Metabolic Inflammation, Barrier Function, and GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Letter to the editor concerning the article: "The diabetic shoulder: association between diabetes mellitus and adhesive capsulitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis".International orthopaedics · 2026Article
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2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo assess whether diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2) increases the risk of developing adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder).
methodsA systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in 2026 using multiple electronic databases. Additional studies were identified through screening reference lists and consulting professional networks. Studies examining the relationship between diabetes mellitus and the incidence of adhesive capsulitis were eligible for inclusion. Study quality and bias risk were assessed, and when enough data were available, a random-effects meta-analysis was performed to estimate the general association between diabetes and the development of frozen shoulder.
resultsThe combined analysis showed that people with diabetes had 3.69 times higher odds (95% CI 2.99-4.56) of developing adhesive capsulitis compared to people without diabetes. Several additional risk factors were noted across studies, including poor glycemic control, obesity, hyperlipidaemia, hypertension, thyroid issues, age between 40 and 65, female gender, smoking, and alcohol use.
conclusionDiabetes mellitus is strongly associated with an increased risk of adhesive capsulitis. However, the observed association may be influenced by unmeasured confounding factors. Further high-quality longitudinal studies are required to clarify the causal relationship and underlying mechanisms.
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