ArticlePloS one2026
Identification of autophagy-related key biomarkers in caerulein induced acute pancreatitis: In silico and in vivo study.
Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDysregulated autophagy is known to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Acute pancreatitis (AP). However, its specific mechanisms remain unclear. The present study aimed to elucidate the mechanism of autophagy-related genes (ARGs) by bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation in AP.
methodsGSE109227, GSE65146, and GSE3644 were obtained from GEO database and underwent standardization and principal component analysis. ARGs were sourced from the Human Autophagy Database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were intersected with ARGs to identify differentially expressed autophagy-related genes (DEARGs) associated with AP. Subsequently, functional enrichment analysis, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, and Gene-gene interaction networks were performed. The expression of DEARGs at the mRNA level was verified using the GSE121038 dataset, and protein expression levels were examined in animal model by western blot. Potential regulatory chemicals or compounds affecting the expression of DEARGs were predicted using the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD).
resultsWe screened seven key biomarkers (Sesn2, Kras, Hmox1, Cast, Nfe2l2, Npc1, and Cdkn1a) from the GSE109227, GSE65146, and GSE3644 datasets. These biomarkers showed higher levels of mRNA expression compared to the control group. Additional testing using the GSE121038 dataset showed that only Npc1 mRNA level was not significantly different (P > 0.05). The protein expression levels of Sesn2, Hmox1, and Kras aligned with mRNA expression, while Nfe2l2, Cast, and Npc1 showed opposing patterns. No differences were detected in Cdkn1a. GSEA revealed significant enrichment of the ARG set in AP samples across the three GEO datasets. Functional enrichment analysis indicated the DEARGs primarily participate in the regulation of autophagy and macroautophagy. Several chemicals or compounds were projected to modulate DEARGs expression, notably acetaminophen.
conclusionOur research further highlights the significant interaction between autophagy and AP. Notably, Sesn2, Kras, Hmox1, and Nfe2l2 exhibited significant expression differences during acute pancreatitis, suggesting they may serve as potential biomarkers for the condition.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.