Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41894328›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2026

Germline-targeted baboon apolipoprotein L-1 protects mice against African trypanosomes.

Sara Fresard, Sarah J Pangburn, Kayla Leiss, Daphne Boodwa-Ko, Daniella Kovacsics, Chris J Schoenherr, Jeremy S Rabinowitz, Aris N Economides, Li Li, Weigang Qiu and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Sara FresardBiology Program, The Graduate Center at the City University of New York, New York City, NY 10016.ORCID 0000-0002-8642-0211
Sarah J PangburnBiology Program, The Graduate Center at the City University of New York, New York City, NY 10016.
Kayla LeissDepartment of Biological Sciences, Hunter College at the City University of New York, New York City, NY 10065.
Daphne Boodwa-KoDepartment of Biological Sciences, Hunter College at the City University of New York, New York City, NY 10065.ORCID 0000-0002-5789-2164
Daniella KovacsicsDepartment of Biological Sciences, Hunter College at the City University of New York, New York City, NY 10065.
Chris J SchoenherrRegeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591.ORCID 0000-0002-6673-0589
Jeremy S RabinowitzRegeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591.
Aris N EconomidesRegeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591.ORCID 0000-0002-6508-8942
Li LiBiology Program, The Graduate Center at the City University of New York, New York City, NY 10016.ORCID 0000-0002-5665-4746
Weigang QiuBiology Program, The Graduate Center at the City University of New York, New York City, NY 10016.ORCID 0000-0003-4585-1872
Bernardo Gonzalez-BaradatDepartment of Biological Sciences, Hunter College at the City University of New York, New York City, NY 10065.ORCID 0000-0002-6180-4411
Alessandro RosaBiology Program, The Graduate Center at the City University of New York, New York City, NY 10016.ORCID 0000-0001-9171-011X
Russell ThomsonDepartment of Biological Sciences, Hunter College at the City University of New York, New York City, NY 10065.
Jayne RaperBiology Program, The Graduate Center at the City University of New York, New York City, NY 10016.
Joseph VerdiBiology Program, The Graduate Center at the City University of New York, New York City, NY 10016.ORCID 0000-0003-4121-3187

Funding

National Science Foundation (NSF) 1249166
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Some primates are immune to infection by most African trypanosome parasites due to apolipoprotein L-1 (APOL1), a primate-specific ion channel-forming protein. Our long-term objective has been to reduce African trypanosomiasis in livestock by genetic bioengineering of cattle with primate

Indexed as

Apolipoprotein L1PapioTrypanosomiasis, AfricanAnimalsAnimals, Genetically ModifiedFemaleHumansLipoproteins, HDLMiceMice, TransgenicApolipoprotein L1Lipoproteins, HDLapolipoprotein l1primate evolutionTrypanosoma bruceitrypanosome lytic factor

Identifiers

PMID41894328
PMCPMC13037889

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.