ArticleBJS open2025
Impact of surgeon caseload, case mix, and team composition on gender disparities in cholecystectomy outcomes.
Article in BJS open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPrevious research has suggested that female surgeons achieve better outcomes in various procedures, but the underlying reasons remain unclear. This study aimed to explore potential explanations for observed gender disparities in cholecystectomy outcomes.
methodsA follow-up analysis was conducted using a previously reported population-based cohort from the Swedish Registry of Gallstone Surgery. All patients who underwent cholecystectomy in Sweden between 2007 and 2019 were included, with a subgroup (2017-2019) analysed for case mix. The association between surgeon gender and outcomes was assessed, considering caseload, case mix, team composition, and surgeon-patient gender dynamics.
resultsThe analysis included 150 509 cholecystectomies performed by 2555 surgeons (849 women, 1706 men). Female surgeons had fewer complications across all experience categories. The gender disparity in bile duct injuries was most notable among male surgeons with < 3 years of experience (risk ratio 1.77, 95% confidence interval 1.30 to 2.40). After adjusting for case mix, male surgeons had higher risks of surgical complications (risk ratio 1.28, 95% confidence interval 1.12 to 1.45), bile duct injuries (risk ratio 1.63, 95% confidence interval 1.01 to 2.62), and total complications (risk ratio 1.10, 95% confidence interval 1.03 to 1.19), but shorter operating times. Teams with only male surgeons had the highest complication rates. Women experienced the best outcomes when treated by female surgeons.
conclusionFemale surgeons were associated with more favourable cholecystectomy outcomes. These differences persisted after accounting for caseload, case mix, and team composition. Inexperienced male surgeons had a higher risk of bile duct injury, underscoring the importance of rigorous mentorship during the early years of practice.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.