Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41894177›Full record

ReviewEpileptic disorders : international epilepsy journal with videotape2026

A guide to neuromodulation in drug-resistant epilepsy.

Prachi Parikh, Irena Dolezawa, Manu Hegde, Lukas Imbach, Brian N Lundstrom, Francesca Pizzo, Vikram R Rao, Jaysingh Singh, Derek Southwell, Satsuke Watanabe and 1 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Epileptic disorders : international epilepsy journal with videotape, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Prachi ParikhDepartment of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Irena DolezawaBrno Epilepsy Center, Member of European Reference Network (ERN) - EpiCARE, The First Department of Neurology, St. Anne's University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
Manu HegdeDepartment of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Lukas ImbachSwiss Epilepsy Center, Klinik Lengg, Zurich, Switzerland.
Brian N LundstromDepartment of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Francesca PizzoDepartment of Epileptology and Cerebral Rhythmology, APHM, Timone Hospital, Marseille, France.
Vikram R RaoDepartment of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Jaysingh SinghDepartment of Neurology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Derek SouthwellDepartment of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Satsuke WatanabeDepartment of Psychiatry/Epilepsy Center, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
Birgit FrauscherDepartment of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6064-1529

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Neuromodulation is approved for the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy. It has been increasingly utilized over the past two decades with the approval of deep brain stimulation (DBS) and responsive neurostimulation (RNS) in addition to vagus nerve stimulation (VNS)-particularly in patients who are not deemed to be good resective surgical candidates or in case of patient preference. In this seminar in epileptology article, we address learning objective 3.7 "Demonstrate knowledge of indications, limitations and risks for vagal nerve stimulation and other neuromodulation techniques" of the International League Against Epilepsy curriculum for epileptologists. We will review the indications for neuromodulation, device programming, surgical considerations for implantation, side effects, effects on sleep, and mood. This is complemented by case examples that provide perspective for trainees, along with an outlook on future directions for neuromodulation in epilepsy. This article aims to serve as a learning resource for trainees in neurology, clinical neurophysiology, and epileptology by providing guidance in how to navigate the landscape of neuromodulation in epilepsy.

Indexed as

Deep Brain StimulationDrug Resistant EpilepsyElectric Stimulation TherapyVagus Nerve StimulationHumansdeep brain stimulationneuromodulationresponsive neurostimulationvagus nerve stimulation

Identifiers

PMID41894177
PMCPMC13499286

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.