ReviewSaudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society2026
Liquid crystalline system for drug delivery: structural insights, preparation techniques and translational potential.
Review in Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Liquid Crystals (LCs) constitute a versatile class of soft materials whose combination of molecular order and fluidity enables the creation of nanostructured drug-delivery systems with precisely tunable properties. This review provides a unified and application-oriented evaluation of thermotropic and lyotropic liquid crystal systems, emphasizing how their self-assembly, curvature behavior, and interfacial energetics govern mesophase formation and drug-loading capacity. Particular focus is placed on the biodegradability, biocompatibility, and structural robustness of LC matrices, as these parameters critically determine safety and sustained-release performance. Key preparation strategies, including high-energy top-down dispersion, low-energy bottom-up assembly, and precursor-based methods, are examined alongside characterization tools such as polarized optical microscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering, and dynamic light scattering. The ability of LC nanocarriers to encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs, minimize burst release, and deliver controlled diffusion through cubic, hexagonal, and lamellar architectures is highlighted. Their high entrapment efficiency, extended-release kinetics, and inherent colloidal stability position these systems as promising candidates for improving the delivery of poorly soluble therapeutics. The review further synthesizes insights into phase transitions, dilution responses, and stimuli-responsive behaviors that enable on-demand or site-specific release. Scalability, compatibility with low-energy processing, and stability under physiological conditions support their translational relevance. Unlike earlier reviews, this article integrates structural phase physics, formulation engineering, and translational evidence into a unified framework, contrasting cubic, hexagonal, and lamellar systems across preparation routes, stimuli responsiveness, release behavior, toxicology, and clinical progress to provide an up-to-date, application-oriented perspective for LC-based nanomedicine.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.