ArticleSurgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA2026
Morphological study of the zygomaticofacial foramen and its location using the distance cross-localization method.
Article in Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
purposeThe zygomaticofacial foramen (ZFF) can serve as a landmark for craniofacial procedures and is an ideal site to localize the zygomaticofacial nerve. This study investigated ZFF anatomy in a Chinese sample to: (1) compare findings with existing reports, (2) detail anatomical locations using the distance cross-localization method, and (3) explore distribution characteristics.
methodsSeventy adult skulls were used to investigate the number and diameter of ZFF and measure the distances from ZFF to the closest point on the orbital rim (D-ZFF-CPR), the medial end of the zygomaticofrontal suture (D-ZFF-meZFS), and the inferolateral orbital rim (D-ZFF-ILO). The distance cross-localization method was employed to localize the ZFF. The identified ZFF location was designated as the center of the injection site for the simulated anesthetic procedure. ZFF within injection regions of varying diameters were then counted to calculate the occurrence rate.
resultsZygomatic bones with one or two ZFF accounted for 87.9% of the total sample. The mean D-ZFF-CPR, D-ZFF-ILO, and D-ZFF-meZFS were 7.13 ± 2.12 mm, 11.66 ± 4.13 mm, and 23.44 ± 4.19 mm, respectively. As the diameter of the injection site increased in the simulated anesthetic operation, the occurrence rate of ZFF at that site increased correspondingly, when the diameter was 20 mm or more, over 97% of ZFF were present in this region. The ZFF were closely concentrated near the orbital rim and widely distributed from the medial end of the zygomaticofrontal suture.
conclusionsThe number, diameter and location of the ZFF show variability and contribute to medical procedures involving the craniofacial region. This study provides an easily applicable method to localize the ZFF with reference to the surrounding anatomical landmarks.
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