ArticleVaccines2026
Immunogenicity and Efficacy of a Trivalent HSV-2 gC2, gD2, gE2 Nucleoside-Modified mRNA-LNP Vaccine Against HSV-1 Eye Infection and Neuroinvasion in Mice.
Article in Vaccines, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- HSV-2 gC2 mRNA immunization in mice protects by producing antibodies that bind immune evasion epitopes.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesEye infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) can result in keratitis, a leading cause of corneal blindness. We evaluated whether an experimental vaccine containing HSV-2 immunogens to prevent genital herpes also protects against HSV-1 eye infection and neuroinvasion.
methodsMice were immunized twice, one month apart, with PBS or a nucleoside-modified lipid nanoparticle vaccine containing mRNA encoding for gC2, gD2, and gE2. One month later, 10
resultsThe vaccine prevented death and markedly reduced eyelid and attached conjunctival inflammation (blepharoconjunctivitis) and weight loss compared with the PBS group. Tissues from the ocular conjunctiva and eye bulb, olfactory bulb/peduncle, trigeminal ganglia, and brain (brainstem, cerebrum, and cerebellum) were harvested 5 days post-infection from 5 mice each in the PBS and vaccine groups, and from another 10 mice in the vaccine group 7 weeks post-infection. At 5 days, HSV-1 was not detected in any tissue in the vaccine group, while viral titers were positive in 16 of 25 (64%), and HSV-1 DNA was detected in 22 of 25 (88%) individual tissues in the PBS group. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis at 5 days post-infection confirmed that the vaccine protected against inflammation; however, some animals experienced breakthrough blepharoconjunctivitis. At 7 weeks, 3 of 10 (30%) mice in the vaccine group had HSV-1 DNA detected in the eyes or trigeminal ganglia tissues, but no animal had HSV-1 DNA detected in brain tissues. The vaccine produced cross-reactive HSV-1 neutralizing antibodies and gD1 IgG binding antibodies, but low or undetectable cross-reactive binding antibodies to gC1 and gE1.
conclusionsDespite occasional mild, localized breakthrough infections, the vaccine provided disease-modifying immunity and was neuroprotective. The results suggest that a single herpes vaccine effective against genital HSV-2 may be neuroprotective against HSV-1 following eye infection.
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