Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41893741›Full record

ReviewVaccines2026

Impact of Vaccines Across the Lifespan: A New Perspective in Public Health-Conclusions of an Expert Panel-Part 2.

Roberto Debbag, María L Ávila-Agüero, José Brea, Carlos Espinal, Rodrigo Romero-Feregrino, Jaime R Torres, Hebe Vázquez, Robinson Cuadros, Gustavo Lazo-Páez, Andrea Schilling and 3 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Vaccines, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Roberto DebbagLatin-American Vaccinology Society, Buenos Aires C1425AWK, Argentina.
María L Ávila-AgüeroPediatric Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Nacional de Niños, San Jose 111221, Costa Rica.ORCID 0000-0002-1979-0431
José BreaLatin-American Vaccinology Society, Buenos Aires C1425AWK, Argentina.
Carlos EspinalDepartment of Global Health, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4054-5588
Rodrigo Romero-FeregrinoAsociación Mexicana de Vacunología, Instituto Para el Desarrollo Integral de la Salud (IDISA), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), CONCAMIN, Saint Luke School of Medicine, Academia Mexicana de Pediatria, Av. Cuauhtémoc 271, Interior 101, Colonia Roma, Cuauhtémoc, Mexico City ZC 06700, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0001-8489-4221
Jaime R TorresInfectious Diseases Section, Tropical Medicine Institute, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas 1050, Venezuela.
Hebe VázquezGrupo de Vacunas de la Fundación Centro de Estudios Infectológicos (FUNCEI), Buenos Aires C1425AWK, Argentina.
Robinson CuadrosAsociación Internacional de Gerontología y Geriatría, Comité Latinoamericano y del Caribe, Carrera 7C Bis 139-17, Bogotá 110121, Colombia.
Gustavo Lazo-PáezUniversidad de Ciencias Médicas, San Jose 2060, Costa Rica.ORCID 0009-0008-0554-9875
Andrea SchillingInstitute of Science and Innovation in Medicine (ICIM), Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile.ORCID 0000-0002-8339-779X
Pablo BonvehíCentro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno" (CEMIC), Buenos Aires 1430, Argentina.ORCID 0000-0002-0099-1428
Maisa KairallaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04021-001, Brazil.
Alfonso J Rodríguez-MoralesFaculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima 15067, Peru.ORCID 0000-0001-9773-2192

Funding

MSD Latam No number
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This second part of this expert panel review explores the broader impact of vaccines across the lifespan, emphasizing their role beyond immediate infection control. Vaccines not only extend life expectancy but also influence long-term health trajectories, particularly during the critical first 1000 days of life, where they prevent severe infections, disability, and mortality. They contribute to cancer prevention through vaccination against human papillomavirus and hepatitis B, reduce cardiovascular events and complications in individuals with chronic diseases, and protect against late-life functional decline. Furthermore, vaccines exert lasting effects on healthy aging by modulating inflammation and preserving independence, while proposed vaccination schemes illustrate the need for a comprehensive, life-course approach. Together with Part 1, which focused on immunosenescence and immune modulation, this closing installment underscores vaccination as a cornerstone of sustainable health policy, reinforcing its pivotal role in extending both lifespan and healthspan for future generations.

Indexed as

cancer preventioncardiovascular protectionchronic disease comorbiditiesearly-life vaccinationhealthy longevitylife-course vaccinationvaccination policy

Identifiers

PMID41893741
PMCPMC13030044

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.