Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41893568›Full record

ArticleToxins2026

Botulinum Toxin Treatment Can Enlarge Eye Appearance in Asian Patients and Improves Social and Emotional Attributes.

Maurício de Maio, Kiyoko Kato, Momoko Sato, Yuki Horiuchi, Takuya Toyama, Akiko Imaizumi, Hidenori Ishii

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Toxins, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Maurício de MaioMD Codes Institute, Sao Paulo 04528-133, SP, Brazil.
Kiyoko KatoAzabu Beauty Clinic Medical Corporation, Tokyo 106-0047, Japan.
Momoko SatoInjection Lab, Osaka 541-8513, Japan.
Yuki HoriuchiAkihabara Skin Clinic, Tokyo 101-0021, Japan.
Takuya ToyamaToyama Plastic & Cosmetic Surgery, Okinawa 900-0015, Japan.
Akiko ImaizumiImaizumi Skin Clinic, Tokyo 106-0032, Japan.
Hidenori IshiiOtsuka Cosmetic & Plastic Surgery, Tokyo 101-8535, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Aesthetic patients in East Asia are commonly concerned about small apparent eye size. Simultaneous treatment of the glabellar and lateral canthal areas with botulinum neurotoxin has potential to provide improvements. This case series evaluated changes in eye size following treatment of these two areas using standard on-label doses of onabotulinumtoxinA in patients from Japan or China. Outcomes were assessed based on standardised frontal photographs taken before and after treatment (at rest, maximum smile, and maximum frowning). Changes in eye size were examined using a 4-point Likert scale, as evaluated by three independent groups: six injectors; six non-injecting observers; and treated patients. Furthermore, improvements in overall facial impression were analysed using two established tools: 'emotional attributes' and 'social attributes'. Twenty East Asian subjects were included (n = 17 women; mean age: 37.5 ± 6.4 years). The majority of evaluators in all three groups rated patients' eye size as 'significantly' or 'mildly' improved post-treatment, whether assessed at rest, when smiling, or during frowning. Furthermore, almost all evaluators noted improvements in one or more emotional and social attributes. This approach has significant potential as a culturally adapted aesthetic technique for improving eye size in East Asian patients. Larger multicentre studies are warranted.

Indexed as

Botulinum Toxins, Type AEmotionsEyeAdultChinaEast Asian PeopleFemaleHumansJapanMaleMiddle AgedBotulinum Toxins, Type Aonabotulinum toxin Abotulinum neurotoxin type Aemotional attributeseye sizemyomodulationonabotulinumtoxinAsocial attributes

Identifiers

PMID41893568
PMCPMC13030264

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.