ReviewToxins2026
From Gut to Systemic Circulation: Molecular Strategies of Botulinum Neurotoxin Complexes.
Review in Toxins, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), among the most potent biological toxins, rely on co-produced nontoxic proteins to survive harsh gastrointestinal conditions and achieve efficient systemic dissemination after oral exposure. Recent structural and functional studies have revealed how BoNTs bind to the nontoxic non-hemagglutinin (NTNH) factors to engage in interactions with either OrfXs/P47 or hemagglutinins (HAs) components for systemic dissemination. This review synthesizes recent findings that elucidate the molecular basis of NTNH-specific anchoring to the HA70 triskelion-like element or to the host protease-activated form of OrfX2, thereby highlighting divergent pathways that enhance oral toxicity. We also discuss current perspectives on the molecular mechanisms through which BoNTs, in cooperation with associated nontoxic proteins, are absorbed from the intestine.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.