ArticleToxics2026
Dissolution of Inorganic Lead (Pb) in Synthetic Sweat: Implications for Dermal Exposure and Occupational Risk.
Article in Toxics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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2 authors.
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Abstract
Inorganic lead (Pb) poses a significant public health concern due to its toxicity and widespread industrial use. Dermal contact, an under-researched pathway of Pb exposure relative to inhalation and ingestion, is typically not factored into regulatory exposure limits because of the paucity of validated studies. This study investigated the influence of sweat on the bioaccessibility of inorganic lead for dermal absorption. Dissolution testing was conducted to determine the dissolution kinetics of inorganic Pb (lead nitrate) in synthetic sweat relative to deionized water (DIW). Particle sizes of samples ranged from 0.70 µm to 118 µm. Non-linear dissolution kinetics were observed in both DIW (control) and sweat. The iPb ion concentration in DIW after 3 h (test period) accounted for 100% of the initial mass of iPb, compared to 67% of the initial mass of iPb in sweat. Higher variability was observed in sweat (SD: 1.47 to 8.2) compared to DIW (SD: 0.80 to 3.88). Precipitation was observed in sweat but not in DIW. Wilcoxon rank-sum test indicated a statistically significant difference in dissolution between sweat and deionized water (Z = -4.50,
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