Experimental Investigation into Stability, Heat Transfer, and Flow Characteristics of TiO

Jiahao Wu, Zhuang Li, Weiwei Jian, Danzhu Ma

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Jiahao WuCollege of Mechanical Engineering, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun 113001, China.

Zhuang LiCollege of Mechanical Engineering, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun 113001, China.ORCID 0000-0002-6139-2517

Weiwei JianCollege of Petroleum Engineering, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun 113001, China.

Danzhu MaCollege of Mechanical Engineering, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun 113001, China.

Funding

Fushun Revitalization Talents Program No. FSYC202407004the basic scientific research project of the educational department of Liaoning Province JYTMS20231455

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Extensive research and empirical evidence demonstrate that nanofluids enhance heat transfer efficiency in microchannels, but this improvement is often accompanied by increased pressure drop and particle clogging. This study aims to determine the optimal parameters for preparing stable nanofluids and to discuss the effects of different parameters on thermal and hydraulic performance. By analyzing the impact of varying ultrasonication time, particle concentration, particle size, surfactant type, and mixing ratios on stability, the most stable nanofluid was selected for evaluation of flow heat transfer and cost-effectiveness. Results indicate that a 1:1 mixed nanofluid of TiO

Indexed as

force convective heat transferheat transfer enhancementhybrid nanofluidminichannel heat sinkpressure drop measurementsTiO2-SiO2 nanofluids

Identifiers

PMID41893234

DOI10.3390/nano16060359

PMCPMC13028886

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.