Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41893202›Full record

ArticleJournal of functional biomaterials2026

Cytocompatibility Assessment of L-PBF-Manufactured Zinc-Silver-Copper Alloys for Customized Biodegradable Medical Implants.

Barbara Illing, Jacob Schultheiss, Lukas Schumacher, Evi Kimmerle-Mueller, Ariadne Roehler, Alexander Heiss, Ulrich E Klotz, Victor O Okafor, Stefanie Krajewski, Frank Rupp

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of functional biomaterials, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Barbara IllingDepartment of Medical Materials Science and Technology, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstrasse 2-8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
Jacob SchultheissDepartment of Medical Materials Science and Technology, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstrasse 2-8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
Lukas SchumacherDepartment of Medical Materials Science and Technology, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstrasse 2-8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
Evi Kimmerle-MuellerDepartment of Medical Materials Science and Technology, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstrasse 2-8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
Ariadne RoehlerDepartment of Medical Materials Science and Technology, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstrasse 2-8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-2824-6761
Alexander HeissDepartment of Physical Metallurgy, fem Research Institute, Katharinenstraße 17, 73525 Schwäbisch Gmünd, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-6033-6636
Ulrich E KlotzDepartment of Physical Metallurgy, fem Research Institute, Katharinenstraße 17, 73525 Schwäbisch Gmünd, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-6033-1659
Victor O OkaforDepartment of Physical Metallurgy, fem Research Institute, Katharinenstraße 17, 73525 Schwäbisch Gmünd, Germany.ORCID 0009-0002-1505-3247
Stefanie KrajewskiDepartment of Medical Materials Science and Technology, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstrasse 2-8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
Frank RuppDepartment of Medical Materials Science and Technology, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstrasse 2-8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.

Funding

Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (BMWK), Germany IGF 21472 N and IGF 01IF23296N
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Biodegradable zinc (Zn) has attracted increasing interest as a material for temporary implants, primarily due to its moderate degradation kinetics. In recent years, additive manufacturing of Zn alloys using the laser powder bed fusion method (L-PBF) has shown promising results. Compared to as-cast Zn alloys, it offers preferable customized solutions for patient-specific temporary biomedical implants. Due to the novelty of these printed degradable biomaterials and due to reported cytotoxic effects of Zn alloys, this study investigates additively manufactured ZnAgCu, ZnAgCuMn, and ZnAgCuTi alloys, both in as-printed and post-processed conditions, with a focus on L929 and SAOS-2 biocompatibility. In this work, we demonstrate that the increased porosity and therefore larger surface areas compared to polished Zn-alloy samples affect their biocompatibility. Minimal to no cell proliferation was observed on and near the Zn-alloy test plates after 24 h. Undiluted extracts from as-cast Zn and L-PBF-manufactured plates were initially cytotoxic to SAOS-2 cells. However, as passivation proceeded, cytocompatibility was significantly increased from day 3 onward. Zn

Indexed as

additive manufacturingbiodegradationcytocompatibilityimplantsion release kineticslaser powder bed fusionZn alloys

Identifiers

PMID41893202
PMCPMC13028187

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.