ArticleJournal of functional biomaterials2026
In Vitro Biocompatibility of Calcium Silicate-Based Materials for Retrograde Endodontic Treatment Under Different Setting Conditions.
Article in Journal of functional biomaterials, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway and Hydraulic Calcium Silicate-Based Cements: A Narrative Review.Dentistry journal · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCalcium silicate-based materials are widely used in retrograde endodontic treatment due to their bioactivity and favorable biological properties. The environmental conditions during setting and the time-dependent release of soluble components may influence cellular responses; however, these factors remain insufficiently investigated.
aimThis in vitro study evaluated the cellular response to three calcium silicate-based materials-MTA+, Biodentine, and NeoPUTTY-after setting under different environmental conditions. MATERIALS AND
methodsCylindrical specimens were allowed to set under three conditions: dry environment, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and human blood. Eluates obtained after 1, 3, and 5 days were applied to human BJ fibroblasts. Cell viability, based on metabolic activity measured using the AlamarBlue assay, was evaluated at 48 and 96 h. Biocompatibility was inferred from cell viability, reflecting eluate-mediated effects rather than direct material-cell contact.
resultsCell viability was influenced by both the setting environment and eluate maturation time. PBS-set materials showed variable cellular responses, with high viability at early time points but marked decreases at 96 h for some MTA+ and NeoPUTTY groups. Biodentine demonstrated the most stable cellular response across all conditions. Materials set in blood produced cellular responses comparable to those observed for PBS and dry conditions, with no statistically significant overall reduction in cell viability.
conclusionsWithin the limitations of this in vitro eluate-based model, blood exposure during setting had a minimal influence on the cell viability to the tested materials. Among the evaluated materials, Biodentine exhibited the most stable biological profile. These findings reflect time-dependent, eluate-mediated cellular effects and should be interpreted with caution when extrapolating to clinical conditions.
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Registered trials
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