ArticleJournal of functional biomaterials2026
The Effect of Biomechanical Loading Parameters on the Stress and Strain Behavior of Orthodontic Mini-Implants: A Finite Element Study.
Article in Journal of functional biomaterials, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesThis study evaluated the influence of key biomechanical parameters-orthodontic force magnitude, loading direction, and insertion depth-on stress and strain distribution in orthodontic mini-implants using three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEM).
methodsA three-dimensional model of a titanium orthodontic mini-implant inserted into a mandibular bone segment was developed and analyzed under varying force magnitudes (1-10 N), loading directions (30°, 45°, and 60°), and insertion depths (2-4 mm). Cortical and cancellous bone components were included, and static loading conditions were applied using simplified, linear elastic material assumptions.
resultsStress and strain levels increased with higher force magnitudes, with implant stresses approaching critical values at loads above 9 N. Cortical bone stresses remained within physiological limits, whereas cancellous bone exceeded the microdamage strain threshold at forces greater than 3 N. A 60° loading direction reduced implant bending and strain, while deeper insertion significantly decreased strain and displacement, indicating improved primary stability.
conclusionsWithin the limits of this computational model, optimal mechanical behavior was observed under 1-3 N forces, a 60° loading direction, and a 2-4 mm insertion depth. Loads above 9 N approached fatigue and interfacial risk. These findings provide computational insight into the biomechanical behavior of orthodontic mini-implants under the modeled conditions.
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