Electromyographic Activation of the Pectoralis Major and Triceps Brachii Muscles During Standard, Diamond, and Wide Hand Position Push-Ups.

Konstantina Intziegianni, Epifanios Katsamis, Marcos Michaelides, Koulla Parpa

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Muscles (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Konstantina IntziegianniSchool of Science, University of Central Lancashire Cyprus (UCLan Cyprus), Pyla 7080, Cyprus.ORCID 0000-0002-7546-6767

Epifanios KatsamisSchool of Science, University of Central Lancashire Cyprus (UCLan Cyprus), Pyla 7080, Cyprus.

Marcos MichaelidesSchool of Science, University of Central Lancashire Cyprus (UCLan Cyprus), Pyla 7080, Cyprus.ORCID 0000-0002-9226-4657

Koulla ParpaSchool of Science, University of Central Lancashire Cyprus (UCLan Cyprus), Pyla 7080, Cyprus.ORCID 0000-0002-1139-7731

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Studies examining the electromyographic activation of pectoralis major (PM) and triceps brachii (TB) muscles during push-ups of varied hand positions are limited, and findings are inconsistent. The aim was to investigate the electromyographic activation of PM and TB during standard, diamond, and wide hand position push-ups. Twenty young males performed six repetitions of each push-up variation while the electrical activity of PM and TB was recorded, averaged, and normalized to the peak root mean square (RMS) across repetitions for each push-up. RMS (mV) and normalized RMS (%) were calculated for each muscle, push-up variation, and contraction phase (eccentric/concentric). Two separate three-way ANOVAs with Bonferroni post hoc correction were used (

Indexed as

closed kinetic chainconcentricconsistencyeccentricneuromuscular activationnormalizationroot mean square

Identifiers

PMID41892990

DOI10.3390/muscles5010018

PMCPMC13029269

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LicenceCC BY

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.