ArticleJournal of cardiovascular development and disease2026
Time-Varying Prognostic Impact of the Age×BUN/LVEF Index on Long-Term MACCE After ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction.
Article in Journal of cardiovascular development and disease, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundDespite advances in reperfusion strategies, long-term major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) remain frequent after ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Practical risk stratification tools applicable at presentation are therefore needed. We investigated the prognostic value of a simple composite index integrating age, blood urea nitrogen, and left ventricular ejection fraction (Age×BUN/LVEF) for predicting long-term MACCE in STEMI patients treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
methodsThis retrospective, single-center cohort study included 313 consecutive STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI between 2020 and 2024. The Age×BUN/LVEF (AGEBUNeFR) index was calculated using age and admission blood urea nitrogen values and left ventricular ejection fraction assessed during index hospitalization. The primary outcome was long-term MACCE, defined as a composite of all-cause mortality, recurrent myocardial infarction, repeat revascularization, stroke, and heart failure hospitalization. The median follow-up was 2.24 years (interquartile range 1.40-3.06).
resultsDuring follow-up, 93 patients (29.7%) experienced MACCE. The AGEBUNeFR index was independently associated with MACCE after multivariable adjustment (adjusted HR 1.028 per unit increase, 95% CI 1.016-1.040;
conclusionsThe AGEBUNeFR index is a simple, readily available, and powerful predictor of long-term MACCE in STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI. By integrating age, renal/hemodynamic stress, and cardiac function, this composite index provides dynamic and incremental prognostic information beyond conventional clinical models, supporting its potential role as a practical tool for long-term risk stratification after STEMI.
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