Lamin A/C as a Molecular Link Between Nuclear Organization, Chromatin Dynamics, and Tumor Progression.

Lamin A/C is emerging as a promising candidate regulator at the intersection of nuclear mechanics, chromatin organization, and gene regulation, linking structure and regulation, mechanics and epigenetics, constraint and plasticity. Lamin A/C was previously considered a static structural scaffold; however, it is now recognized as a dynamic component of nuclear organization that links physical cues to epigenetic and transcriptional states. Lamin A/C regulates three-dimensional genome structure, constrains chromatin mobility, and influences cell transitions between plastic and committed states through its interactions with heterochromatin at the nuclear periphery and active chromatin domains in the nuclear interior. In cancer, these functions appear to be dependent on the context. Lamin A/C has been implicated in crucial biological processes, including invasion, survival under mechanical stress, lineage plasticity, and therapeutic response. Its prognostic value varies across tumor types. This heterogeneity indicates that lamin A/C does not function as a traditional oncogene or oncosuppressor; instead, it operates as a nuclear rheostat, influencing the behavior and development of tumor cells. This review examines the potential clinical benefits of lamin A/C while considering its implications for normal tissue functions. It aims to improve understanding of cellular adaptability and vulnerability in cancer through the exploration of lamin A/C biology.