AntID_APP: Empowering Citizen Scientists with YOLO Models for Ant Identification in Taiwan.

Ants are vital bioindicators that contribute to soil health and food webs, making accurate identification essential for biodiversity monitoring and conservation. However, traditional taxonomic methods are time-consuming and require specialized expertise, limiting large-scale data collection and public participation. This paper presents AntID_APP, a web-based application designed to support citizen scientists in Taiwan by enabling real-time, image-based detection and the identification of native ant genera. Fine-tuned YOLO models first detect ants in user-uploaded images and then classify them at the genus level. The models were trained on a curated dataset of 60,429 open-access images from iNaturalist, covering 54 native ant species. To ensure robustness in real-world conditions, we applied targeted data augmentation and evaluated multiple YOLO versions (v9-v12). The best-performing model achieved a mean Average Precision (mAP50: 0.935-0.948, mAP50-95: 0.777-0.807) for the detection task, followed by accurate genus-level identification. The application features an intuitive interface and a lightweight asynchronous server architecture, allowing users to upload images and receive both visual detection results (bounding boxes) and genus predictions efficiently. By combining high accuracy with accessibility, AntID_APP offers a scalable solution for biodiversity monitoring and public engagement in ecological research.