ArticleDiseases (Basel, Switzerland)2026
The Prevalence of Anemia and Diagnostic Usefulness of Ferritin and Hepcidin in Antiphospholipid Syndrome and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients.
Article in Diseases (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAnemia is common among patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). It can persist alone (primary APS-pAPS) or with another associated disease (secondary APS-sAPS), predominantly systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). There are no systematic reviews addressing the type of anemia (iron deficiency without anemia-IDWA, iron deficiency-IDA, and anemia of chronic disease-ACD) in these patients.
objectivesThis study aimed to assess the type of anemia and to compare the usefulness of common diagnostic anemia parameters and their mutual relations.
methodsA cross-sectional study involving 163 patients was conducted at the University Clinical Center Bezanijska kosa from June 2022 to June 2024, including 79 patients with pAPS, 47 with sAPS and 37 patients diagnosed with SLE. We compared the usefulness of iron metabolism markers (serum iron-Fe; total iron-binding capacity-TIBC; ferritin; hepcidin) in the presence of inflammatory markers such as high-sensitivity (hsCRP) and IL6 in determining the type of anemia.
resultsThe most common types were IDA (61.9%) and IDWA (64.3%) in pAPS patients. In contrast, ACD was equally distributed across the three groups, with prevalences of 32%, 32%, and 36% (pAPS, sAPS, and SLE, respectively). A higher frequency of thrombosis was significantly associated with a high ferritin level ≥100 (
conclusionsIt was found that iron deficiency anemia was the most common form in pAPS, while anemia of chronic disease was equally present across all patient groups. Ferritin emerged as an independent marker for identifying iron deficiency anemia in APS patients. Although hepcidin reflects a low-inflammatory state in APS, it proved to be a more valuable tool than ferritin in distinguishing the type of anemia, especially when ferritin levels were inconclusive. Clinical manifestations in APS patients correlated with inflammatory markers. Liver function or any drug used alone or in combination had no impact on anemia type.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.