Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41892000›Full record

ReviewDiseases (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Autoimmune Diseases and Mycobacterial Infection.

Abraham Chorbajian, Ira Glassman, Akhila Swarna, Manvita Mareboina, Po-En Chen, Jammal Abu-Khazneh, Jiayan Tan, Surbi Dayal, Kian Yazdan, Bianca Urness and 1 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Diseases (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Abraham ChorbajianCollege of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.
Ira GlassmanCollege of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5651-6282
Akhila SwarnaCollege of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.
Manvita MareboinaPenn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
Po-En ChenCollege of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.
Jammal Abu-KhaznehCollege of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.
Jiayan TanCollege of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.ORCID 0009-0005-8336-759X
Surbi DayalCollege of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.
Kian YazdanCollege of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.ORCID 0009-0002-0383-2200
Bianca UrnessCollege of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.
Vishwanath VenketaramanCollege of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2586-1160

Funding

Glutathione depletion in the CNS and its effects on Mtb infectionR15HL143545 · NHLBI · WESTERN UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES · PI VENKETARAMAN, VISHWANATH · 2019 to 2024
$852k
NHLBI NIH HHS R15 HL143545
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND/

objectivesMycobacterial infections and autoimmune diseases affect many worldwide, and growing evidence suggests that there is a bidirectional relationship. This review examines mechanisms by which various autoimmune diseases predispose patients to mycobacterial infections, and vice versa.

methodsWe conducted a PubMed/MEDLINE search using the keywords "mycobacterium" and the names of the autoimmune conditions to identify relevant papers.

resultsRheumatoid arthritis therapies, especially TNF-α inhibitors, raise tuberculosis (TB) and non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) risk. Type 1 diabetes features impaired cell-mediated immunity and macrophage dysfunction, with evidence for

conclusionsOverall, evidence supports a bidirectional relationship: mycobacterial antigens can initiate or amplify autoimmunity via molecular mimicry and chronic stimulation, while autoimmune biology and iatrogenic immunosuppression increase susceptibility to infection. Implications include latent TB screening before immunosuppression, attention to local epidemiology, and vigilance for NTM. Research priorities include prospective cohorts, mechanistic studies of mimicry and NOD2-TLR pathways, safety registries, and trials of screening and prophylaxis.

Indexed as

autoimmune diseaseCrohn’s diseasemultiple sclerosismycobacteriarheumatoid arthritissystemic lupus erythematoustype 1 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID41892000
PMCPMC13025366

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.