Associations of parental academic achievement pressure, support, and school climate with hikikomori tendency among high school students.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the associations between parental academic achievement pressure, parental academic achievement support, school climate, and hikikomori tendency among high school students. Methods: Employing a quantitative method with a predictive correlational design, the study was conducted with a sample of 404 high school students in Istanbul during the 2023-2024 academic year. Data were collected using the Socio-Demographic Information Form, the 25-item Hikikomori Questionnaire (HQ-25), the Parents' Academic Achievement Pressure and Support Scale, and the School Climate Questionnaire-High School Form. Correlation analyses and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed to examine the relationships among the study variables. Results: Correlation analyses indicated a significant positive association between hikikomori tendency and parental academic achievement pressure ( Conclusion: The findings indicate that family- and school-related contextual factors are meaningfully associated with adolescents' social withdrawal tendencies. While parental academic achievement pressure is linked to higher levels of hikikomori tendency, parental academic achievement support and a positive school climate are associated with lower levels of social withdrawal. Given the cross-sectional design of the study, these findings should be interpreted as correlational rather than causal. The results provide empirical support for the development of preventive and supportive practices within educational and mental health contexts.