ReviewFrontiers in immunology2026
Small cell lung cancer: from immunobiological mechanisms to clinical advances.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- A Comparison of Mechanisms Driving Lesion Outcomes During Lung Tumor and Tuberculosis Granuloma Formation.Bulletin of mathematical biology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) remains one of the most aggressive malignancies, characterized by limited therapeutic options and persistently poor survival outcomes. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, emerging therapeutic strategies, and biomarker-driven approaches that may enable more precise treatment. The SCLC microenvironment is dominated by suppressive immune cell populations-including regulatory T cells, tumor-associated macrophages, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells-that collectively inhibit antitumor immune responses. Integrative molecular and immunologic profiling has defined four transcription factor-driven subtypes, each exhibiting distinct immune phenotypes and differential responses to therapy. Although current immunotherapies have conferred meaningful yet modest clinical gains, combining PD-1/PD-L1 blockade with chemotherapy has improved survival in extensive-stage disease, and CTLA-4 inhibition demonstrates potential within combination regimens. Beyond immune checkpoint blockade, novel therapeutic modalities such as DLL3-targeted antibody-drug conjugates, bispecific T-cell engagers, and emerging B7-H3-directed strategies have shown encouraging activity in treatment-refractory settings. However, conventional biomarkers-including PD-L1 expression and tumor mutational burden-remain unreliable in SCLC, and the mechanisms underlying therapeutic resistance are still insufficiently understood. Future efforts should prioritize the refinement of molecular subtyping frameworks, the establishment of robust biomarker-guided patient stratification, the elucidation of resistance pathways, and the development of precision immunotherapies tailored to SCLC heterogeneity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.