Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41890717›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026

Inosine alleviates colorectal cancer liver metastasis by promoting M1 macrophage polarization and modulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Yadan Dong, Yuchen Ma, Qun Yu, Zhengmei Shi, Caiyi Wang, Yihao Che, Heng Liu, Desheng Wan, Weizai Shao, Huai Xiao

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Yadan DongYunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Entomoceutics, College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, China.
Yuchen MaYunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Entomoceutics, College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, China.
Qun YuYunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Entomoceutics, College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, China.
Zhengmei ShiYunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Entomoceutics, College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, China.
Caiyi WangYunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Entomoceutics, College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, China.
Yihao CheYunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Entomoceutics, College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, China.
Heng LiuYunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Entomoceutics, College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, China.
Desheng WanYunnan Tengyao Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tengchong, China.
Weizai ShaoYunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Entomoceutics, College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, China.
Huai XiaoYunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Entomoceutics, College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents one of the most common malignancies of the digestive tract, with colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRLM) constituting a major cause of CRC-related mortality, for which therapeutic options remain limited. Methods: This study examined the inhibitory role of inosine in CRLM and its molecular mechanisms using Results: Inosine directly suppressed the invasive abilities of MC-38, CT-26, and HT-29 cells. This inhibitory effect on MC-38 cells was further enhanced under co-culture conditions with M1-polarized macrophages. Discussion: Inosine exerted an inhibitory effect on colorectal cancer liver metastasis by skewing macrophages toward an M1 phenotype, dampening pro-inflammatory cytokine release, and regulating key genes via the PI3K/AKT pathway.

Indexed as

Colorectal NeoplasmsInosineLiver NeoplasmsMacrophagesPhosphatidylinositol 3-KinasesProto-Oncogene Proteins c-aktAnimalsCell Line, TumorHumansMacrophage ActivationMaleMiceSignal TransductionInosinePhosphatidylinositol 3-KinasesProto-Oncogene Proteins c-aktcolorectal cancer liver metastasisimmunomodulationinosinemacrophage polarizationPI3K/Akt signaling pathway

Identifiers

PMID41890717
PMCPMC13013416

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.