ReviewInternational journal of nanomedicine2026
Recent Advances in Nanodelivery Systems Based on Extracellular and Intracellular Reprogramming Strategies for Enhanced Therapy of Atherosclerosis.
Review in International journal of nanomedicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) represents a chronic immunoinflammatory disorder characterized by lipid metabolism dysregulation, predominantly affecting medium and large arteries. During the initial phase of the disease, endothelial cells (ECs) undergo mesenchymal transformation, subsequently releasing various adhesion molecules and chemokines that facilitate the recruitment of monocytes and neutrophils (NEs) to developing plaque sites. Under sustained inflammatory stimulation, NEs transform into neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), monocytes differentiate into pro-inflammatory macrophages, and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) exhibit phenotypic switching, and adopt macrophage-like characteristics. These inflammatory cells release excessive inflammatory factors and reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby amplifying the inflammatory cascade. Concurrently, these activated macrophages and VSMCs internalize oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) particles, promoting foam cell's generation and plaque's formation. Given the critical role of the activation of various inflammatory cells and the accumulation of inflammatory mediators in progression of the disease, nanodelivery systems (NDSs) have shown remarkable promise in treating AS, attributed to their excellent cell-specific targeting capabilities and regulation capabilities for inflammatory mediator. This paper comprehensively reviews the progress of NDSs based on intracellular and extracellular reprogramming strategies for the therapy of AS, emphasizing their role in reversing EC's phenotypes, monocytes' reprogramming, macrophages' repolarization, inhibition of Nes' recruitment, suppression of VSMCs' proliferation, modulation of inflammatory mediators, reprogramming of lipid's metabolism, and scavenging of ROS to enhance therapeutic efficacy. We further elaborate on the advantages, challenges, and opportunities of NDSs in enhancing intracellular and extracellular reprogramming strategies, aiming to deepen these strategies and their potential applications in the therapy of AS.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.