ArticleFrontiers in digital health2026
Assessing verbal and spatial memory via smartphone.
Article in Frontiers in digital health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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6 authors.
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Abstract
Introduction: Detecting subtle cognitive decline in chronic central nervous system (CNS) disease is hampered by practice effects, motor confounds, and the lack of premorbid baselines. Smartphone testing offers frequent unsupervised assessments but requires rigorous validation and internal quality control. Therefore, we aimed to develop and validate smartphone-based verbal and spatial memory tasks, derive composite digital biomarkers, and determine their utility for monitoring cognitive impairment. Methods: In a prospective study (2018-2025) we enrolled 315 adults [41 healthy donors, 217 people with Multiple Sclerosis (MS), 57 other CNS disorders]. Participants completed 5,875 verbal and 2,588 spatial trials on the Neurological Functions Test Suite App. We extracted fourteen digital biomarkers reflecting individualized Sensory-Motor Processing Thresholds (iSMPT), adjusted test latencies and test accuracies, and split the MS cohort into training ( Results: The spatial memory composite separated healthy donors from relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RR-MS), progressive MS, non-inflammatory and inflammatory neurological diseases, and radiologically/clinically isolated syndromes (all Discussion: The spatial memory composite provides a rapid, reliable, and sensory-motor delay-adjusted digital marker of mild cognitive dysfunction. Coupled with SDMT, it enhances unsupervised monitoring and internal quality assurance across diverse CNS disorders.
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