ArticleChemical & biomedical imaging2026
Enzyme-Activated Dual-Locked Probes for Detecting Nitroreductase and Carboxylesterase.
Article in Chemical & biomedical imaging, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- A Fluorescent Probe for Carboxylesterases Detection in Estradiol Valerate-Treated Inflammation Alleviation.Journal of fluorescence · 2026Article
- Spatiotemporally programmed hybrid nano-prodrugs orchestrate multidimensionally synergistic cascade lethality in NSCLC.Theranostics · 2026Article
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11 authors.
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Abstract
Lung cancer, the leading cause of global cancer mortality, demands precise diagnostic tools that target the tumor microenvironment. Hypoxia-driven nitroreductase (NTR) and carboxylesterase (CarE) overexpression serve as promising biomarkers in lung cancer, yet fluorescent probes that can simultaneously detect these markers are not available. Here, we present a series of fluorescein-based probes, with Flu-NitroCa-4 emerging as the optimal dual-locked probe. Flu-NitroCa-4 exhibits a 48-fold fluorescence enhancement at 515 nm upon activation by CarE and NTR, with rapid response kinetics (<30 min) and low detection limits (LOD = 0.18 μg/mL for NTR and 0.032 U/mL for CarE). In vitro, Flu-NitroCa-4 accurately visualizes the activity of CarE and NTR in both A549 cells and patient-derived lung cancer organoids under hypoxic conditions, as validated by inhibitor studies; in vivo, it delineates tumors in subcutaneous and orthotopic murine lung tumors models. Additionally, Flu-NitroCa-4 can be effectively utilized to distinguish human lung cancer samples from adjacent tissues via NTR/CarE-triggered fluorescence. The dual-locked fluorescent probe offers a rapid, low-radiation, and high-sensitivity tool for intraoperative tumor margin mapping and clinical diagnosis.
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