ArticlePlant communications2026
Telomere-to-telomere genome assembly and a mutant library empower functional genomics and genetic improvement in Cucurbita moschata.
Article in Plant communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Butternut squash (Cucurbita moschata) is an economically important crop; however, its genetic improvement has been hindered by the lack of high-resolution genomic resources and limited germplasm availability. In this study, we present a gap-free, telomere-to-telomere (T2T) genome assembly of C. moschata PKUMo, generated using high-accuracy Oxford Nanopore reads. The final assembly spans 314.34 Mb and is organized into 20 pseudomolecules, each represented by a single contig. Our analysis revealed that 40.58% of the genome consists of transposable elements, which have undergone significant expansion over the past 0.27 million years. Comparative genomic analysis with Cucurbita maxima (HZAU) identified substantial structural differences, including 27.20 Mb of inversions and 9.50 Mb of translocations, mainly affecting pericentromeric regions. We further investigated the evolution of centromeric regions in C. moschata and revealed distinct centromeric structures between PKUMo and HZAU. Notably, PKUMo centromeres exhibit increased transposon activity, particularly involving LTR retrotransposons. To facilitate functional genomics, we optimized an EMS-based pollen mutagenesis protocol, generating a mutant library comprising 60,000 M
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