Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41889151›Full record

ArticleContact dermatitis2026

Development of a Generic Analysis Method for Isothiazolinones in Consumer Products Prompted by Increased Sensitisation to Benzisothiazolinone.

Anne Farbrot, Jakob Kentson, Hatice Koca Akdeve, Anders Blom, Britt-Marie Ehn, Naida Babic Mulic, Firoozeh Amirbeagi, Mikael Alsterholm, Lina Hagvall

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In one paragraph

Article in Contact dermatitis, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Anne FarbrotDepartment of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Jakob KentsonOccupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Hatice Koca AkdeveDepartment of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Anders BlomDepartment of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Britt-Marie EhnDepartment of Dermatology and Venerology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Naida Babic MulicDepartment of Dermatology and Venerology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1984-7101
Firoozeh AmirbeagiDepartment of Dermatology and Venerology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Mikael AlsterholmDepartment of Dermatology and Venerology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Lina HagvallDepartment of Dermatology and Venereology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9141-9215

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIsothiazolinones are widely used as preservatives in both cosmetic and non-cosmetic products. Sensitisation to isothiazolinones other than chloromethylisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (CMIT/MIT), present in the baseline series, is increasing.

objectivesTo investigate the prevalence of sensitisation to benzisothiazolinone (BIT) in comparison to CMIT/MIT and to develop a product-independent analysis method of isothiazolinones for laboratories with basic instrumentation. PATIENTS AND

methodsPatch testing with BIT and CMIT/MIT was performed in 803 consecutively tested dermatitis patients. A simple and general analysis method for isothiazolinones was developed for HPLC-UV.

resultsInvestigation of 14 products labelled to contain BIT and/or CMIT/MIT (cosmetic and non-cosmetic) showed concentrations of BIT in non-cosmetic products of up to 272 ppm. Maximum detected concentrations of CMIT and MIT were 0.3 and 1.5 ppm, respectively. Dichloroctylisothiazolinone and MIT were detected in an unlabelled hobby paint. BIT was a significantly more common cause of sensitisation than CMIT/MIT, at 7.7% and 5.2%, respectively.

conclusionsResults confirm previous reports indicating that sensitisation to BIT is increasing in dermatitis patients in western Sweden. Analysis of products showed that concentrations of BIT can be several orders of magnitude higher than those of CMIT/MIT in products to which skin contact can be frequent and long lasting.

Indexed as

CosmeticsDermatitis, Allergic ContactPreservatives, PharmaceuticalThiazolesAdultChromatography, High Pressure LiquidFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPatch TestsYoung Adult1,2-benzisothiazoline-3-one2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-oneCosmeticsPreservatives, PharmaceuticalThiazolesbenzisothiazolinonecontact allergyHPLCisothiazolinonespatch testingpreservatives

Identifiers

PMID41889151
PMCPMC13238301

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