ReviewCritical care (London, England)2026
Incidence and outcomes of influenza-associated pulmonary aspergillosis and the role of antifungal prophylaxis: a structured literature review.
Review in Critical care (London, England), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Machine learning for early screening of influenza A-associated invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in hospitalized patients: a real-world study.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
27 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInfluenza-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (IAPA) is a frequent and often fatal complication of severe influenza in critically ill patients. Despite increased recognition, its real global burden and optimal prevention strategies remain uncertain.
methodsA structured literature review of studies published between January 2000 and June 2025 was conducted to summarize IAPA incidence, fatality rate and study heterogeneity. Continuous variables were summarized as trimmed medians (central 80%) with bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals. Between-study heterogeneity and methodological diversity were quantified using the I² and Shannon diversity indices. Non-parametric tests assessed subgroup differences and correlations.
resultsFifty-three studies (527,475 patients) were included. The trimmed median IAPA incidence was 14.55% (95% CI, 11.16–19.21), and the case-fatality rate was 50.00% (95% CI, 42.86–58.54). IAPA occurred more frequently in ICU-only cohorts (p = 0.011) and was associated with higher mortality (p = 0.025). Heterogeneity across studies was substantial (I² = 96.1% for incidence; 79.6% for fatality), reflecting differences in diagnostic definitions and patient selection. Universal antifungal prophylaxis, including posaconazole, did not confer a significant survival benefit.
conclusionsIAPA affects approximately one in six critically ill influenza patients and carries a mortality of around 50%. Rather than a one-size-fits-all approach, future studies are needed to evaluate more individualized therapy concepts that account for patient- and disease-specific factors and may improve overall outcomes.
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