ArticleBMC plant biology2026
Genome stabilization in the neotetraploid wasabi (Eutrema japonicum): subgenome dominance and extensive chromosomal rearrangements.
Article in BMC plant biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Wasabi (Eutrema japonicum), a commercially important crop in the Brassicaceae family, is prized for its unique pungent flavor, yet its genome evolution and polyploid origin remain poorly understood. This study presents a detailed evolutionary analysis of the wasabi genome. The diploid progenitors of E. japonicum diverged approximately 2 MYA, while the allotetraploid hybridization event that formed E. japonicum occurred more recently (~ 0.268 MYA). Following this whole-genome duplication, its genome stabilized through extensive chromosomal rearrangements and subgenome dominance. We also characterized transposable elements, including long terminal repeat retrotransposons (LTR-RTs), and analyzed gene expression patterns between subgenomes to further understand genome evolution and functional differentiation in E. japonicum. Notably, wasabi's distinct flavor is linked to a unique glucosinolate gene profile. This profile is characterized by a significant expansion of the epithiospecifier-modifying protein (ESM1) gene family, which promotes pungent isothiocyanate formation, and a contraction of the competing epithiospecifier protein (ESP) gene. The resulting high ESM1:ESP gene copy ratio is a key contributor to wasabi's characteristic properties. This study offers crucial insights into wasabi's genomic evolution, establishing a foundation for future research into the genetic basis of its unique flavor and other valuable traits.
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