Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41888241›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Study on the regulation mechanism of sodium biphenyl concentration on the electrochemical performance of porous carbon anodes.

Haotian Wu, Xianzheng Liu, Nashrah Hani Jamadon, Feng Li, Rongji Tang, Liancheng Zheng

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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3 · Its place in the literature

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0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Haotian WuAcademy of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong Huayu University of Technology, Dezhou, PR China.
Xianzheng LiuAcademy of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong Huayu University of Technology, Dezhou, PR China. lxz@huayu.edu.cn.
Nashrah Hani JamadonDepartment of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. nashrahhani@ukm.edu.my.
Feng LiAcademy of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong Huayu University of Technology, Dezhou, PR China.
Rongji TangDepartment of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
Liancheng ZhengDepartment of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.

Funding

New Energy Vehicle Intelligent Network Technology Shandong Province Higher Education Institutions Future Industry Engineering Research Centre Project No. 2025KJS003
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Amorphous carbon exhibits low initial coulombic efficiency due to its high specific surface area, abundant functional groups, and structural defects, limiting its application in sodium-ion batteries. The development of anode pre-sodiation reagents has diversified and achieved significant progress, yet research on the impact of reagent concentration on electrode electrochemical performance remains an unexplored area. This study systematically investigated the influence of pre-sodiation concentration on the electrochemical performance of porous carbon electrodes by subjecting them to chemical pre-sodiation treatment using sodium biphenyl solutions of varying concentrations. The results indicate that pre-sodiation treatment significantly enhances the electrode initial coulombic efficiency and cycling stability. When the pre-sodiation level is controlled to yield an initial coulombic efficiency below 100%, the electrode sodium storage capacity is promoted; however, when the initial coulombic efficiency exceeds 100%, the capacity is instead suppressed. In summary, rationally designing the concentration of sodium biphenyl solution to maximize the benefits of pre-sodiation is crucial for enhancing the electrochemical performance of sodium-ion batteries.

Indexed as

Electrochemical performancePre-sodiationSodium biphenyl solutionSodium-ion batterySolid electrolyte iterface film

Identifiers

PMID41888241
PMCPMC13149498

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.