ReviewCell death & disease2026
Beyond immune privilege: the brain as a dynamic immunological interface.
Review in Cell death & disease, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- An In Vitro Model to Study Drugs That Affect Macrophage Adhesion to Murine Brain Endothelial Cells After Proinflammatory Insults of LPS and Pilocarpine.Bio-protocol · 2026Article
- Small-Molecule NANT Therapeutics Targeting the Brain-Immune Axis in Alzheimer's Disease: Mechanisms, Clinical Progress, and Translational Challenges.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The neuroimmune network in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases: from mechanistic insights to biomarker-guided immunotherapies and clinical translation.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- The brain's immune code: decoding antigen presentation at the meningeal-glymphatic interface in neurological disorders.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Classically viewed as an "immune‑privileged" site, the central nervous system (CNS) was believed to be shielded from peripheral immune surveillance by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the absence of conventional lymphatic vessels. Recent discoveries, particularly the identification of functional meningeal lymphatic vessels and the glymphatic system, recast the CNS as a dynamic immunological interface. Here, we synthesize advances that explain how immune cells access brain border tissues and parenchyma, how resident glia (microglia and astrocytes) shape inflammatory tone and repair, and how gut microbiota, together with regional heterogeneity, refine CNS immunity. We contextualize these mechanisms in disease, including multiple sclerosis, infection, and neurodegeneration, and we outline therapeutic implications that emerge from a revised view of "immune privilege." This contemporary perspective underscores the importance of targeted CNS immune modulation, aiming to minimize harmful responses while promoting protective mechanisms in the contexts of neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and neuro-oncology.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.