ArticleBrain and behavior2026
The Mediating Effect of Inflammatory Biomarkers in the Associations Between Sarcoidosis and Incident Ischemic Stroke: A Prospective Cohort Study.
Article in Brain and behavior, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectiveSarcoidosis, characterized by granulomatous inflammation across multiple systems, has an unclear connection with ischemic stroke and shared molecular pathways. This study explores the link between sarcoidosis and ischemic stroke, focusing on the role of inflammatory markers using large population datasets and multi-omics approaches.
methodsData from 452,382 UK Biobank participants, followed for an average of 13.8 years, were combined with transcriptomic profiles from the GEO database (GSE58294 and GSE19314). A multivariable Cox regression was used to assess the association between sarcoidosis and ischemic stroke. Mediation analysis evaluated the role of inflammatory markers. Differential gene expression, GO and KEGG pathway enrichment, and protein-protein interaction networks were analyzed to explore shared molecular frameworks.
resultsSarcoidosis (n = 1760 cases) was found to independently increase the risk of ischemic stroke (HR = 1.335, 95% CI: 1.002-1.779). Sensitivity analysis using propensity score matching yielded consistent effect estimates (HR = 1.37). Mediation analysis identified the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII, 8.43%), lymphocyte percentage (7.38%), and C-reactive protein (CRP, 2.17%) as significant intermediaries. Transcriptomic analysis identified three genes-ANKRD22, FCGR1A, and NOG-with differential expression in both conditions, highlighting the TGF-β/BMP signaling pathway and immune regulatory network as shared molecular underpinnings.
conclusionThis study provides the first evidence of a significant association between sarcoidosis and ischemic stroke in a large cohort. By integrating analytical methods, it highlights the role of inflammatory factors and potential molecular interactions between immune and developmental pathways, offering new insights for stroke risk reduction in sarcoidosis patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.