Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41886547›Full record

ArticleEndocrine-related cancer2026

Characterization of small intestinal neuroendocrine tumorlets.

Akitada Yogo, Naoki Akanuma, Grace E Kim, Alan Paciorek, Li Zhang, Phi Le, Kenzo Hirose, Carlos U Corvera, Emily K Bergsland, Eric K Nakakura

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Endocrine-related cancer, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Akitada YogoDivision of Surgical Oncology, Section of Hepatopancreaticobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7434-6974
Naoki AkanumaDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA.
Grace E KimHelen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Alan PaciorekHelen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Li ZhangHelen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Phi LeDivision of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Kenzo HiroseDivision of Surgical Oncology, Section of Hepatopancreaticobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Carlos U CorveraDivision of Surgical Oncology, Section of Hepatopancreaticobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Emily K BergslandHelen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7754-6552
Eric K NakakuraDivision of Surgical Oncology, Section of Hepatopancreaticobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Small intestine neuroendocrine tumors (SI-NETs) frequently present as multifocal primaries. We commonly observe microscopic lesions in the superficial layer of the small intestine of SI-NET patients. We aimed to define them as small intestinal neuroendocrine tumorlets (SINTs) and explore their clinical and biological significance. Twenty multifocal and twenty unifocal SI-NETs patients who received resection at a single institution were retrospectively reviewed. Four hundred and forty six archived pathological slides were examined for microscopic lesions located in the lamina propria, muscularis mucosa, and superficial submucosa. Clinicopathological associations and progression-free survival were analyzed. Previously published genomic data were re-analyzed. SINTs were identified in 50% of multifocal and 30% of unifocal SI-NET patients. Median SINT size was 95 μm, with a median distance of 2.2 mm from the nearest mass. Compared to the 'true unifocal' group (unifocal without SINT), the 'multifocal-spectrum' group (multifocal or unifocal with SINT) had higher BMI (median: 27.6 vs 22.8, P = 0.0060), higher rates of perineural invasion (OR: 5.5, P = 0.044), larger mesenteric mass (median: 2.6 vs 1.6 cm, P = 0.034), and more advanced pT stage (pT3 or pT4, OR: 7.2, P = 0.018). Genomic re-analysis suggested that 13% of cells in multifocal primary tumors could share clonal origins, possibly indicating clonal spread via SINTs. SINTs may serve as a new biomarker for multifocal spectrum with local aggressiveness. The actual frequency of multifocal SI-NET may be higher than currently recognized in clinical practice. Further studies are needed to validate their prognostic and biological significance.

Indexed as

Intestinal NeoplasmsIntestine, SmallNeuroendocrine TumorsAdultAgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective Studiesclonal evolutionneoplasm micrometastasisneuroendocrine tumorssmall intestine

Identifiers

PMID41886547
PMCPMC13097121

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.