ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2026
Ultrasensitive measurement of brain penetration mechanics and blood vessel rupture with microscale probes.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mechanics of Long-Shank 5 mm Neural Probe Insertion into the Rat Brain: Effects of Geometry and Vibration-Assisted Insertion.Micromachines · 2026Article
- Ultrasensitive measurement of brain penetration mechanics and blood vessel rupture with microscale probes.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Experimental investigation of sharp-tip microwire-based brain electrode buckling during implantation through dura and pia mater.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- A method for efficient, rapid, and minimally invasive implantation of individual non-functional motes with penetrating subcellular-diameter carbon fiber electrodes into rat cortex.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Finite element model predicts micromotion-induced strain profiles that correlate with the functional performance of Utah arrays in humans and non-human primates.Journal of neural engineering · 2025Article
- Monolithic three-dimensional neural probes from deterministic rolling of soft electronics.Nature electronics · 2025Article
- Amorphous silicon carbide probe mechanics for insertion in the cerebral cortex of rats, pigs, and macaques.Journal of neural engineering · 2025Article
- Design, Fabrication, and Implantation of Invasive Microelectrode Arrays as in vivo Brain Machine Interfaces: A Comprehensive Review.Journal of manufacturing processes · 2024Article
- Article
- Cracking modes and force dynamics in the insertion of neural probes into hydrogel brain phantom.Journal of neural engineering · 2024Article
- Post-explant profiling of subcellular-scale carbon fiber intracortical electrodes and surrounding neurons enables modeling of recorded electrophysiology.Journal of neural engineering · 2023Article
- Utah array characterization and histological analysis of a multi-year implant in non-human primate motor and sensory cortices.Journal of neural engineering · 2023Article
- Advancing the interfacing performances of chronically implantable neural probes in the era of CMOS neuroelectronics.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Review
- A mosquito mouthpart-like bionic neural probe.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2023Article
- Article
- Method Matters: Exploring Alkoxysulfonate-Functionalized Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and Its Unintentional Self-Aggregating Copolymer toward Injectable Bioelectronics.Chemistry of materials : a publication of the American Chemical Society · 2022Article
- Engineering strategies towards overcoming bleeding and glial scar formation around neural probes.Cell and tissue research · 2022Review
- A comparison of insertion methods for surgical placement of penetrating neural interfaces.Journal of neural engineering · 2021Review
- The Argo: a high channel count recording system for neural recording in vivo.Journal of neural engineering · 2021Article
- CHIME: CMOS-HostedFrontiers in neuroscience · 2020Article
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9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Microscale electrodes, on the order of 10 to 100 µm, are rapidly becoming critical tools for neuroscience and brain-machine interfaces for their high channel counts and spatial resolution, yet the mechanical details of how probes at this scale insert into brain tissue are largely unknown. Here, we performed quantitative measurements of the force and compression mechanics together with real-time microscopy for in vivo insertion of a systematic series of microelectrode probes as a function of diameter (7.5 to 100 µm and rectangular Neuropixels) and tip geometry (flat, angled, and electrochemically sharpened). These results elucidated the role of tip geometry, surface forces, and mechanical scaling with diameter. Surprisingly, the insertion force postpia penetration was constant with distance and did not depend on tip shape. Real-time microscopy revealed that at small enough lengthscales (<25 µm), blood vessel rupture and bleeding during implantation could be entirely avoided. This appears to occur via vessel displacement, avoiding capture on the probe surface which led to elongation and tearing for larger probes. We propose a three-zone model to account for the probe size dependence of bleeding, and provide mechanistic guidance for probe design.
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