SynthesisCurrent oncology reports2026
Real-World Safety of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review of Comparative Cohort Studies.
Synthesis in Current oncology reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have significantly improved survival outcomes in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). However, ICIs can cause treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs), particularly immune-related adverse events (irAEs), which may compromise treatment efficacy and patient quality of life. Most ICI safety data is derived from clinical trials, which may not reflect real-world populations. This systematic review evaluated the real-world safety of ICIs compared to other therapies in SCLC.
methodsA systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL was conducted from inception to July 21, 2025. Eligible studies were observational cohort studies reporting safety outcomes for ICIs versus other cancer therapies (e.g., chemotherapy, targeted therapy) in SCLC. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. A narrative synthesis was conducted to summarise key findings.
resultsTwenty retrospective cohort studies were included, all using electronic health record data. Cohort sizes ranged from 14 to 188 patients. Nineteen studies were rated as poor quality due to inadequate adjustment for confounding variables. Across studies, TRAE incidence was comparable between ICI plus chemotherapy combination and chemotherapy alone. Similarly, TRAE and irAE rates were consistent across different ICI plus chemotherapy regimens. Evidence comparing ICIs to targeted therapy was limited.
conclusionReal-world evidence suggests that adding ICIs to chemotherapy does not substantially increase toxicity in patients with SCLC, and safety profiles are generally consistent across ICI regimens. However, findings are constrained by small sample sizes and poor methodological quality. High-quality, large-scale observational studies are needed to validate these results and better inform clinical decision-making.
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Registered trials
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