ArticleWorld journal of microbiology & biotechnology2026
Biodegradation of diclofenac and paracetamol using immobilized laccase on novel polyacrylamide alginate gel chips and chitosan beads for mitigation of micropollutants in hospital effluent.
Article in World journal of microbiology & biotechnology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Excessive use of pharmaceuticals, especially antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like diclofenac (DCF) and paracetamol (PCM), has led to increased levels in water sources. This study examined the production of laccase from the white-rot fungus (WRF) Megasporoporia minor, known for its high laccase output, for biodegrading DCF and PCM using innovative polyacrylamide gel chips or cryogel (PAG) and chitosan beads. These materials were characterized through fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results from immobilization efficiency and reusability tests showed that glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) modified PAG cryogel was most effective for laccase immobilization. Free and immobilized laccase was employed for the degradation of DCF and PCM. It was demonstrated that laccase immobilized on PAG cryogel chips degraded 93.24 ± 1.83% and 98.24 ± 0.93% of 100 ppm DCF and PCM within 24 and 4 h in simulated water. In real hospital effluent 88.75 ± 1.55% and 92.6 ± 1.51% of DCF and PCM degradation were observed. Confirmation of biodegradation was performed via HPLC, HPTLC, and LC-MS. Antimicrobial and phytotoxic assessments, using bacterial growth inhibition assays and seed germination tests with species such as Triticum aestivum, Vigna radiata, and Cicer arietinum and a viability assay on murine fibroblast McCoy cells using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, demonstrated the remediation of the micropollutants. The high removal efficiencies, together with the confirmed biocompatibility of the treated samples, highlights the potential of this laccase-based system as an eco-friendly, scalable and highly effective approach for the remediation of micropollutants in wastewater treatment applications.
Indexed as
Identifiers
41886146What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.