Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41885929›Full record

ReviewArchives of microbiology2026

CRISPR-anti-CRISPR dynamics: evolutionary, ecological and biotechnological perspectives.

Javeria Idrees, Abdul Qadeer Shabbir, Iqbal Ahmad Alvi, Saba Sana, Shafiq Ur Rehman, Muhammad Asif

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Archives of microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Javeria IdreesDepartment of Microbiology, Dr. Ikram-ul-Haq Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
Abdul Qadeer ShabbirDepartment of Microbiology, Dr. Ikram-ul-Haq Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
Iqbal Ahmad AlviDepartment of MicrobiologyHazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan.
Saba SanaDepartment of Microbiology, Dr. Ikram-ul-Haq Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
Shafiq Ur RehmanInstitute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
Muhammad AsifDepartment of Microbiology, Dr. Ikram-ul-Haq Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan. m.asif@gcu.edu.pk.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Phages and bacteria are engaged in an evolutionary arms race. CRISPR-Cas systems allow bacteria to resist phage predation, contributing to competitive advantages for certain bacterial strains. However, phages generate a diverse anti-CRISPR (Acr) proteins to effectively neutralise the CRISPR-Cas system. Acr proteins restore phage infectivity, which may contribute in limiting the dominance of CRISPR-armed bacterial strains, potentially influencing the microbial diversity in certain environments. Acrs can influence microbial community dynamics which may indirectly affect ecosystem functions such as nutrient cycling in certain marine and soil ecosystems. The potential of these Acrs proteins in controlled and reversible genome editing, highlights their potential as regulatory components for genome editing systems. This review discusses the molecular mechanism of CRISPR and anti-CRISPRs, highlights the diversity and limitations of known inhibitory mechanisms, ecological role of anti-CRISPRs and highlights their expanding application in microbial evolution and biotechnology.

Indexed as

BacteriaBacteriophagesClustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic RepeatsCRISPR-Cas SystemsBiological EvolutionBiotechnologyEcosystemEvolution, MolecularGene EditingViral ProteinsViral ProteinsAnti-CRISPRbacteriophageBiotechnologyCRISPR-CasGenome editingPhage-bacterial co-evolution

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.