ArticleJournal of extracellular vesicles2026
Gut Commensal Klebsiella pneumoniae Extracellular Vesicles Shape a Liver Microenvironment Conducive to Gut-Liver Bacterial Translocation and Pro-Tumorigenic Processes.
Article in Journal of extracellular vesicles, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Microbiome-Immune Interactions as Determinants of Checkpoint Inhibitor Efficacy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- tRNA-Derived Small RNAs in Digestive Cancers: From Translational Regulation to Immune and Extracellular Communication.Cancer science · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles in solid tumors: from tumor ecology to engineered therapeutics.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Bacterial extracellular vesicles as central mediators of microbiota-host communication.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
21 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging mediators of host-microbe communication; however, their role in human disease remains unclear. Here, we identify two bacterial small tRNAs (tsRNAs) enriched in gut commensal Klebsiella pneumoniae-derived EVs (KpEVs) that are markedly elevated in the serum of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). These tsRNAs suppress the production of nitric oxide (NO) by macrophages, a critical antitumor molecule. Notably, KpEVs reach the liver more efficiently than bacterial cells, thus facilitating bacterial translocation from the gut by inducing distinctive immunosuppressive macrophages. Mechanistically, KpEVs drive an M2-like macrophage phenotype, enhance phagocytosis, and inhibit both NO production and caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis during infection. The results show that KpEVs shape a liver microenvironment promoting gut-liver bacterial translocation, which may also influence HCC progression. Our study uncovers a previously unrecognized strategy by which K. pneumoniae exploits EVs to modulate host immunity of distant organs, highlighting tsRNAs as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.