ArticleJournal of fish diseases2026
A Formalin-Inactivated Vaccine Enhances Survival and Mitigates Horizontal Transmission of Red Sea Bream Iridovirus (RSIV) in Rock Bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus): Insights From Viability Quantitative PCR.
Article in Journal of fish diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Formalin-inactivated vaccines are widely employed as a primary preventive strategy against red sea bream iridoviral disease (RSIVD), which poses a substantial economic threat to the aquaculture of rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus). However, conventional quantitative PCR (qPCR) cannot differentiate infectious virions from noninfectious vaccine residues or viral debris, limiting accurate assessment of vaccine efficacy. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the protective efficacy and viral shedding dynamics of a formalin-inactivated vaccine using propidium monoazide (PMAxx)-based viability qPCR (vqPCR). Vaccination demonstrated robust protection, achieving a relative percent survival of approximately 80% in immersion challenges and significantly reducing viral shedding into seawater. Notably, comparative analysis revealed that conventional qPCR significantly overestimated viral risk in vaccinated fish by detecting noninfectious DNA artifacts. Although vaccination did not confer sterilizing immunity, it suppressed infectious viral replication to sublethal levels, effectively preventing horizontal transmission to naïve cohabitants. Furthermore, disease progression and shedding kinetics were temperature-dependent, occurring more rapidly at 25°C than at 20°C. Overall, these findings highlight that vaccination induces functional sterilization of shedding and underscore the need to adopt vqPCR for accurate epidemiological risk assessment in aquaculture populations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.