ArticleJournal of oral rehabilitation2026
Uncovering Frailty in Burning Mouth Syndrome: Insights From a SUNFRAIL+ Based Multidimensional Assessment.
Article in Journal of oral rehabilitation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundFrailty reflects an age-associated progressive decline in physiological reserve, increasing vulnerability to adverse outcomes. Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) is a chronic idiopathic orofacial pain disorder commonly seen in older individuals, yet its relationship with frailty remains uninvestigated.
objectivesThis study aims to assess frailty in BMS patients using the SUNFRAIL+ multidimensional screening tool, which facilitates early detection of bio-psycho-social risk factors for frailty in community-dwelling older adults.
methodsThis multi-centre case-control study included 104 adults aged ≥ 65 years (52 with BMS and 52 age and sex matched controls). The SUNFRAIL+ tool was used to identify risks and trigger further single-domain evaluation with the Tool for Adherence to Therapies (TAS), Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA), Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (PREDIMED), Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), Timed Up and Go test (TUG), Quick Mild Cognitive Impairment (Qmci) screen, General Practitioner Assessment of Cognition (GPCOG), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Social Provisions Scale (SPS), socio-economic conditions self-assessment questionnaire (MUSE) and 12-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12).
resultsPatients with BMS showed significantly higher levels of frailty, characterized by higher rates of polypharmacy (76.9% vs. 30.8%), reduced mobility (61.5% vs. 42.3%; p > 0.05), greater cognitive impairment (Qmci 56.8 vs. 75.5), more self-reported depressive symptoms (GDS: 7.5 vs. 4), less social support (SPS: 30 vs. 36), and lower quality of life (SF-12; p < 0.05).
conclusionsOlder adults with BMS have a greater proportion of clinical markers of frailty. The SUNFRAIL+ model is effective in revealing hidden vulnerabilities, supporting early, multidisciplinary intervention in this cohort.
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