Observational studyIndian journal of ophthalmology2026
Clinical profile and associated sociodemographic factors of newly diagnosed strabismus presenting to a tertiary care center in India.
Observational study in Indian journal of ophthalmology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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5 authors.
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Abstract
purposeStrabismus is a major cause of ocular morbidity worldwide. Despite its prevalence, there is a limited understanding of its epidemiology and associated factors, particularly across diverse populations.
methodsThis hospital-based, cross-sectional observational study included all patients diagnosed with strabismus at a tertiary care center between January 1 and December 31, 2023. A consecutive sampling method was used. Each patient underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic and strabismus examination, which included best-corrected visual acuity, cycloplegic refraction, and a detailed ocular history. Data were collected using a structured, interview-based proforma covering demographics, family history, medical history, and ocular history. The primary aim was to determine the distribution of strabismus types; secondary objectives included analyzing associated clinical and social factors.
resultsAmong 75,917 new patients visiting the hospital, 1.5% (n = 1131) had strabismus. Exotropia slightly outnumbered esotropia (49.6% vs. 41.4%), with intermittent exotropia being the most common subtype. The highest hospital frequency was in children aged 1-6 years (37.4%) and the lowest in infants under 1 year (1.1%). Key associated factors included preterm birth, prolonged postnatal ICU stay, cesarean delivery, and cerebro-visual impairment. Refractive errors (20.2%) and amblyopia (13%) were common comorbidities.
conclusionsStrabismus remains a significant pediatric ocular issue, particularly in children under 6 and those with perinatal complications. Early screening and intervention in associated groups-such as preterm infants and those with developmental delays-are essential to reduce long-term visual impairment. Strengthening primary pediatric eye care is crucial for early detection and treatment.
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