ReviewProgress in rehabilitation medicine2026
Combined Nutritional and Exercise Interventions for Cachexia in Chronic Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Limited to Cancer Cachexia.
Review in Progress in rehabilitation medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cancer Cachexia in Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma: From Molecular Mechanisms to Prognostic Assessment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Risk-Adaptive Cardio-Oncology Rehabilitation: A Narrative Review of Exercise Prescription, Multimodal Monitoring, and Implementation Pathways.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Combined Nutritional and Exercise Interventions for Cachexia in Chronic Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Limited to Cancer Cachexia.Progress in rehabilitation medicine · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objectives: Cachexia is a condition marked by weight loss and reduced skeletal muscle mass, with or without the loss of fat mass, commonly occurring in patients with chronic diseases such as cancer and heart failure, on a background of inflammation. Interventions that combine nutrition and exercise may offer greater benefits than either approach alone in mitigating cachexia-related impairments. Nevertheless, their overall impact remains unclear. The aim of this review was to evaluate the effectiveness of combined nutritional and exercise interventions for cachexia in patients with chronic diseases. Methods: We conducted searches via PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL, PEDro, ICTRP, and ClinicalTrials.gov through to 3 December 2024. Eligible studies were intervention studies or observational studies comparing combined nutritional and exercise interventions with control conditions, which included usual care or unimodal interventions (nutrition or exercise alone), in patients diagnosed with cachexia according to the Evans or Fearon criteria. The assessed outcomes included body weight, body composition, mortality, activities of daily living, physical function, exercise tolerance, and quality of life. Results: Of 1926 identified records, five studies involving only patients with cancer met the inclusion criteria. There is significant uncertainty regarding how combined interventions impact mortality rates compared to control groups (two studies, 66 participants: odds ratio 1.15, 95% confidence interval 0.13-9.97; I Conclusions: Current evidence regarding combined nutritional and exercise interventions for cachexia is of very low certainty, and no high-quality evidence currently exists to support their effectiveness. Findings across studies are inconsistent, and further rigorous, well-designed trials are urgently needed. The development and adoption of core outcome sets will be essential to enable future meta-analyses. Results from ongoing trials are awaited.
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Registered trials
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